I think Francione would say that what "avoidable"/"unnecessary" suffering really amounts to, is the kind of suffering that is not needed for getting the maximal economic benefit from the exploitation. And sadly, he may be right.
Which raises the further question of whether we should believe in an ethical view -- animal welfare -- that centrally depends on the opposition to that problematic notion of "unnecessary suffering". An animal rights position is much easier to define.
Which raises the further question of whether we should believe in an ethical view -- animal welfare -- that centrally depends on the opposition to that problematic notion of "unnecessary suffering". An animal rights position is much easier to define.